THLAI VENHIM DAN

  ‘Thlai venhim dan’ kan sawi dawn a. A pawimawh em avangin a hria chuan chhinchhiah a, a hre velo te hnenah puangzar ve zel turin kan ngen nghal bawk che u a ni. Kan hriat theuh angin keini Mizorama loneitu leh huan neitute hian kan thlai leh thil thar venhim lam hi kan ngaihthah viau thin a, amaherawhchu, agriculture lama tan kan lak ve tak deuh atang hian hetiang lam hi kan ngaipawimawh ve tan ta. Serthlum chingtute phei chuan thlai venhim tulzia kan hrechiang fu tawh ang. A ni reng a, duh leh duat taka kan chin leh enkawlsa te, hah thikula kan thar leh phurh hawnsa tawh hri thalo leh rannung hrang hrangin min han chuhpuia min tihchhiatsak ve ringawtte hi chu a uiawmin venhim a ngai reng a ni.

  Kan hriat tawh thin angin vawi tam tak Radio atangin thlai chi hrang hrang natnate leh a tichhetu rannung chanchin leh chung lak atanga vendan leh tihdam dante, rannung chimawm suat dan chenin kan ngaithla thin a, lehkhaziak pawh chhiar tur kan nei nual tawh bawk a. Chuvangin chutilam chu sawi lo ila, pawimawh em em si, kan hriat loh leh ngaihthah lam, a sawi pawh kan la sawi vak ngai loh niawm deuh sawi i han tum teh ang. Hei hi a bul a ni a, a pawimawh em em bawk.

THLAI TICHHETU PATHUMTE

   Kan thlai tichhetu leh ngaimawhawm zual pathum a awm. Pakhatna chu hnim a ni a, chu chuan a tiah tirh atanga seng thlengin thlai a tichhiain a thar a tihlawk lo thin. Eng, tui leh chaw te an mamawh ve tho avangin kan thlaite kha a chuh pui a, thlaiin a chhiat phah a, a hlawk loh phah thin. Chubakah lo leh huante a hnim chuan hri leh rannung an nghal a, a zuva duh em em bawk. Tin, kan thlai seng zingah hnim chi a lo tel a, a quality a tichhiain, a chi tur phei chu a iaiawm phah em em bawk.

   Pahnihna chu thlai tichhe thinho thildang hi a ni a, rannungte reuh te te thlai bawmtute atanga sazu leh sava te, kan ran vulhte leh ramsate thlengin a huam. Heng pawh hian thlai chi thlak atanga seng thlengin an tichhe thin a, sazu leh a ngêtte phei chuan zem thlengin an chuh ve thin.

  Pathumna chu natna hrik a ni. Natna hrik hi chi thum a awm a. virus, fungi leh bacteria-te an ni. Heng natna chithumte hian kan thlaite hi a chi atanga a seng thlengin an bei a, an lakah kan thlaite hi enkawl leh ven ngun an ngai em em ani. A chi atang leh a kung chunga vei tan theih anih avangin eng hunah mah ngaihthah theih a ni lo. Lâwng, hnahkir, tam leh natna dang zawng zawng hi virus, fungi leh bacteria hrik vang vek a ni. Hei bakah hian kan sawi lar vak ngai loh, mit lawng pawha hmuh theih loh nematode a la awm bawk. Thlai rulhut tih mai tur angin thlai kung, a zung leh a bulahte a awm thin.

VENHIM HNA THAWH A NGAIH HUN

  Tihdam aiin venhim a tha zawk tih kan hria a, kan thlai venhim thu kan sawi pawh hian rannung, hri leh hnimin a tihchhiat hma atanga tan tur a ni. Chutichuan thlai chi te chu hri leh hrik thaloten a tihchhiat loh nante, a tiah atanga a puitlin hnu pawha a tihchhiat loh nante damdawia then thianghlim a ngai. Tin, natna hrik leh rannungte hi leia awm chi a awm avangin a chinna tur emaw a phunna tur khurte kha damdawia then thianghlim a tul bawk . Chubakah chhek inahte pawh a ngêt leh rannung dangin a ei chhiatloh nan a urna ‘fumigant’ hmanga tihthianghlim a tul. Thil kan tih tur dang leh chu natnate leh rannung chi hrang hrang an lo lan huna a tihrem hna thawh a ni.

  Kan hriat tur pawimawh deuh la awm leh chu kan thlai thar tur hlutna chhut chunga venhim hna thawh a ni. Thar tam leh hlawk tur ni hlei lova, insen vak a tul lovang. Chuvangin kan thlaite chu chhan tham leh chhantlak anih chauhvin venhim hnaah hma kan la thin tur a ni. Tin, ngaimawh tham loh a ni thei bawk a, chung vang chuan insenso leh inpal hah a ngai lovang.

THLAI VENHIM DAN KAWNG HRANGTE

  Khawvel mihring zaa 95 zet hian kan thlai chin leh tharte hi chaw atan kan ring a. Vanduai thlak takin kan ti dawn emawni mihringte chauh hi chawa ringtu kan ni lova, nungcha dang chhiarsen ruallohte nen hian kan inchuh a ni ber a. Chutichuan chung rannung, ramsa, hnim leh nungcha dang reng reng min chuhpuituteho chu pests tih an ni. A sawi a awl zawk avangin tun atang chuan pest kan ti ve zel tawh mai ang. Pest te chuan mihring chawpin kan ran vulh leh thlai chinte kawng hrang hrangin min tichhe thin. Kan thlai chin leh ranvulhte tha tak a an thana rah an chhuah theih nan pest lakah kawng hrang hrang a ven a ngai a, chutianga hma kan lak hma pawhin thil tam tak kan chhut a ngai.

1. A tichhetu ber hriatchian.

2. A do emaw tirem turin eng hmanrua nge awm.

3. Hma lo la dawn ila a hlawkdan tur leh risk lak ngaite chhut chhuah.

4. Engtika tûr hman tan chi nge.

5. Mihring leh kan chhehvel boruak tikhawbaw lo tur ber tha si thlan hram

6. Tur hman dawn pawhin a hman dan hriatchian.

7. Sawrkar duh dan leh tum dan hre chunga hma lak tur a nia, lo inven lâwk tur nge, kan tukdawl dawn nge kan tichimit vek dawn tih rel fel a ngai bawk.

THLAI VENHIM DAN KAWNG HRANG HRANGTE

 1.  Natural Control - Mihringte kan inrawlh ve tak tak hmain vendan kawng khat a awm a, chu chu khuanu duansa a ni. Sik leh sate, rannung emaw natna hri dang rawihte, an chaw tih kiam saka, an chenna dan chep/hualzim zelte hi a ni.

 2.  Applied Control - Hei chu thlai venhimna tura hma lakna kawng mihring duanchhuah leh hman zui thinte hi an ni. Kawng hrang hrang a awm. Tawite tein han sawi ila.

a)  Cultural Control : Kan thlai chinte uluk taka kan enkawl avanga a tichhetu laka kan venhim hi a ni a. Cultural method-in a huamte chu thlai chi thlak leh phun hun dik zawmte, a hun taka lei leh, thlai sengte, mumal taka tui pek leh mumal taka thlai chi hrang hrang chin chhawk ( Crop rotation ) te an ni. Tin, thlai chi thar, rannung duhloh zawng leh natna hri hawlo hmuhchhuahte, fai leh hneh taka thlai enkawlte hi a huam tel bawk.




b) Mechanical method : Hmanraw dang ruai em em lova rannung, sazu leh hnim lakkhawm a thah leh tihchhiatte hi a ni. Mahse, hlawhfa hmuh a harin a insenso thlak ta hle, a awlsamna hmunah chuan thil tih tlak tak a la ni. Entirna pakhat chu ‘thangkam’ a ni. Hlo thlawhna hmanraw changkang zawk pawh an siam chhuak zel bawk.




c) Physical Control : Sa leh vawtte, hnawng leh ri hmanga pest kan that emaw kan hnawtkiangte hi a ni. Thlai chi tuilum leh nisa hmanga tihthianghlimte, buh leh thlai thar dah that tur kan tiro hmasate hi entirna thenkhat a ni




d)  Regulatory Control : Rannung leh sazu a lo punga hri a lo leng thinte hi mihring vang a nifo. Rannung emaw natna emaw khawi lai hmun emaw atanga hmundanga a lo tai darh hian hmanrua emaw thlai chi leh thildang chulai hmun atanga tihthianghlim si loh lakluh vang a ni fo bawk. Chuvangin eitur a ni emaw a chi a ni emaw ramdang atanga lakluh leh thawnchhuah chungchangah sawrkar a fimkhur hle a, natna hrite leh rannung chimawmin a tihbawlhhlawh loh ngei a ni tih Certificate tel lo chu lakluh leh thawnchhuah awih a ni lova. Hetiang hi Quarantine an ti.




e)  Chemical Control : Kan thlai kan venhim chungchangah hian a tichhetu pest kan tihte kha hnawhbo emaw suat emaw tih chimih vek emaw a tul chang a awm thin. Chumi atan chuan tûr an hmang thin a, chung tûr chu Pesticide an ti. A hma lama thlai venhim nana tih dan kan sawi takte leh kan sawi bakte khan hlauhawm thama pest lo pung a dan zawh loh avang leh a tih chimih theih tak tak loh avangin Agriculture-ah te, Forest lamahte, Animal husbandry leh vantlang hriselna (Public Health) ngaihtuah kawngahte pesticide hman hi a lo tulin phal a ni bawk.

Pesticide hman hi a pawimawh reng dawn a, pest laka kan thlaite venghima chhan turin an rintlak em em. A chhan chu an thawk chak a, an thawk thain a insenso thlak loh ber bawk. Mahse, pesticide hman chungchangah hian harsatna kan tawk mek a, inhrilh chian a tul hle.




f)  Integrated Pest Control : Integrated Pest Control chuan thlai venhim nana tih dan kawng hrang hrang kan sawi takte a tangkai thei ang ber tura hman pawlh a ni mai. Mahse, ruahmanna mumal tak siama pest suat emaw hnawh sak leh ngaimawhawm thamlo tura siam a kawk bik. Chutichuan Integrated Pest Control-ah chuan tûr hman tel kher loh pawhin a hlawhtlin theih a, amaherawhchu, fimkhur tak leh dik taka hman chuan pesticide hman hi a hlawk ber fo.




g)  Integrated Pest Management : Hei hi thil thar Agriculture Scientist-ten an tuipui em em leh an zir mek a ni. A chhan chu pesticide in kan leilung, lui tui leh boruak a tihbawlhhlawh thin (environmental pollution) pumpelhna tha tak a ni. Integrated Pest Control ang deuh bawkin hmanraw chi hrang hrang a rual emaw a mal pawha hmanga kan thlai venhim hnathawh hi a ni a. Kan lo leh huante, kan vantlang nunte, khaw awmdante, hmanraw awm thei tur leh insenso ngai leh kan phak tawk turte chhut pah veka ruahmanna a ni. Integrated Pest Management hi kan thlaite rannung, zuva, natna leh tichhe theitu dang laka venhimna atan hian a tangkaiin kan rilrem zawng tak tur a ni. Agriculture lam belbultute hi a tlangpuiin mi rethei leh lehkhathiamlo, mitena mimawla an ngaih kan ni fova, chuvang chuan a that hmel a ni.

CHEMICAL HMANGA THLAI VENHIM :

 Chemical Control tih chuan tûr hmanga kan thlai kan veng hi a ni mai. A changin pest lo lan hmain kan lo inruahman lawk a, a chang leh an lo lana kan thlaite an tihchhiat lai mekin a thah nan emaw hnawhbo nan kan hmang bawk thin. Natna hrik, rannung, sazu leh sava leh hnim thlenga kan thlaite an tihchhiat thin avangin a thah nan tûr kan hmang lar ta hle a, mahse, kan bangbovin kan ngampa hle mai a. Kan tisual ngun ta hle bawk. A pawi lutuk hmaa kan inhrilh fin hi a tul tak zet zet a ni. Khing kan sawi tak thah nan khian tûr a awm hrang thliah a, hriat ve pawh a tul.

1)  Pesticides - Thlai venhimna atana tûr kan hman zawng zawng huapzo tura sawina a ni.

2)  Herbicides -Hnim emaw thil to dang thlai tana hnawk tihthuanawp emaw tih hlumna tûr.

3)  Weedicides - Hnim thahna tûr.

4) Insecticides -- Rannungte reuh te te, insect kan tihho thahna tûr.

 Kan sawi tak tur chi hrang hrangte kha taksaa an luh dan emaw an thawh dan emaw a inang lova, chuvangin an thawh dan a zirin an then hrang leh thliah a.

 1)  Stomach poison - Hetiang tur hi chu ka atanga kawchhunga luta thawk a ni ber. Rannung te leh sazu leh sava ten tura sawisak hnu an ei emaw, a tui an fawhin emaw an kawchhungah a luta an thihphah thin.

 2)  Contact poisons - - Hetiang tura thlai kan kah emaw kan phulin emaw thlai kung leh a hnahahte a lo bet a, chu chu rannungin an va sikin an taksaah a luta an thih phah thin. Tin, tûra kah fuh emaw phul fuh pawh a ni thei bawk. Hetiang tur hian nervous system a tihchhiatsak thin.

 3)  Systemic poisons - Hetiang tûr hi chu thlai hnah leh a zar leh a kung hringlaia a kai chuan thlaiin a hip lut a, peng hrang hrangah a inthawn darh a, tûrin a fan chin apiang chu tûrah an lo chang mai thin. Thlai atanga a tui hip emaw a hnah leh zarno ei thinin a thih phah thin.

 4)  Fumigants -Hei hi chu ur nana hman chi a ni a, rannung eng pawh chhek in leh kudama awm leh a kuaa awm thah nana hman a ni. Fumigant chu boruakah awlsam takin a leng darh thei a, chu chu an lo hip a, an thih phah thin. Leia awm chi ur nan pawh a hman theih. Mahse, chhek in leh kudamte chu kan tiphui tawk tur a ni. Entirnan:Methylbromide, aluminium phosphide leh adangte.

 5)  Herbicides - Thlai hmuna hnim leh thil to dang thahna tûr a ni. An thawh dan a zirin selective leh non-selective ah then a ni. Selective herbicide chu eng hnim emaw bik thah nan a hman a ni a, hnim hnah tung leh hnah bial thahna pawh a awm hrang. Selective herbicide thenkhatte chu MCPA,2,4-D, dalapon, butachlor.

 Non selective chu hnim leh hnim lo pawh, hnah bial leh hnah tung tan pawh a hlauhawm vek. Chung zingah chuan glyphosate leh paraquat te pawh a tel.

 Hlo tûr hi kawng dang pawhin a la then theih. Hnim chawrhma leh chawr hnua hman chiah leh, hnim in tur a hip luh chi leh hnima kahfuh ang ang thihpui mai chiahte. Hetiang anih te hriain fimkhur taka hman a tul.

FIMKHUR TAKA TÛR HMAN

 Thlai venhimna atana kan tûr hmante hi hlauhawm tak vek an ni a, fimkhur taka hman a tul. Sawi tawh angin a hun takah, mamawh zah tur chhutchhuah hnua hman tur a ni. Eitura siam a ni lo ang bawkin sangha vuakna atana siam a ni lova, tûr hmanga thah sangha, chakai, kaikuang, sava leh thil dang reng reng kan ei tur a ni lo. Mihringah fiah leh enchhin ngam ni lo mah se, sazu leh thildanga enchhinah nervous systemte, thawkna lam te leh vun tante inthlahchhawnna lam atante pawh a hlauhawm hle a. Chawplehchilhin lang nghal lo mah se heti taka Mizo zinga Cancer lo tam ta te pawh hi tûr kan hman tlanglawn tak luattuk vangte pawh hi a ni mai thei. Tûr kan hmang dawn anih chuan

1)  Hman zah tur leh a dal zawng chhut chhuah tur.




2)  Tûr i khawih lai reng rengin i lam hawiin thliin tûr a beng thei tur a ni lo.




3)  Tûr khawih turin naupang i ruai tur a ni lo.




4)  Lukhum, tarmit leh kutkawr inbel hram tur.




5)  Tûr khawih lai chuan zialzuk, sahdah hmuam, tui in leh thil ei te reng reng tih loh tur.




6)  Tur hman zawhah kut leh ke, thawmhnaw leh hmanruate fai taka sahbawn hmanga sil tur.




7) Tûr dahna bur reng reng eng atan mah hman tur a ni lo va, paihbo vek tur a ni.




8)  Thlai hnah leh a rahte kan kap anih chuan chawlhkar khat atanga kar hnih tal chu lak loh a tha.

 Thlai ven him hi a tul a, a hun pawh hriat a tha a, hmanraw dik kan thlan pawh a ngai. Hmanruate hi a nihna takah lo chuan mahni inbumin i hmang lovang u .

Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 151- 156
First Edition-2011